KMD Bioscience Co., Ltd.
400-621-6806
2019-01-04 Hits(1080)
Q1: How do you test the immune effect?
A1: The serum collected before immunization and after the immunization will be tested for reactivity against the immunogen using ELISA. The immunogen is coated onto an ELISA plate, followed by serial dilutions of antiserum that contain the antibody. We can also provide the antiserum for our customers' internal assays.
Q2: Will you do test bleeds during the immunization?
A2: Yes, we do test bleeds before the immunization and after the 2nd or 3rd injection. The immune serum will be titrated by indirect ELISA to assess immune response. The serum can also be shipped to clients for evaluation in the client’s specific assays before terminating the animals.
Q3: What do pre-immune serum contribute to?
A3: Pre-immune serum is a great negative control for a wide variety of experiments.
Q4: How long does it take for immunization?
A4: Typically, the immunization takes 2-3 months. The exact schedule depends on the strength of the immune response arose in the host. Additional boosts may prolong the schedule.
Q5: What species should I choose for my antibody production?
A5:
|
Animals |
Properties |
|
Mouse |
Advantages:
1. Lower feeding cost
2. Ease of maintenance and handling
3. Strong ability to reproduce
4. Inducing a good immune response to a great range of antigens
Disadvantage:
Small amount of serum |
|
Rat |
Advantages:
1. Diverse antibody isotypes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM antibody isotypes
2. Inducing the immune response to mouse antigens
3. Reduced antigen requirement
4. No cross-reaction in immune-detection of antigens out of a mouse background
Disadvantage:
Small amount of serum |
|
Rabbit |
Advantages:
1. Can recognize epitopes conserved between rodent and human antigens that are invisible to rodent monoclonal antibodies.
2. Lower feeding cost
3. Ease of maintenance and handling
Disadvantage:
Medium amount of serum |
|
Chicken |
Advantages:
1. Higher avidity: most mammalian proteins exhibit enhanced immunogenicity in chickens than in mammals due to phylogenetic distance, and thus raise antibodies of higher avidity.
2. Higher specificity: compared with mammalian IgG, chicken IgY has less cross-reactivity with mammalian proteins other than the immunogen.
3. Lower background: IgY and IgG are structurally different in the Fc region; IgY does not bind to IgG Fc receptors and causes less false positive staining.
4. High yield: very low quantities of antigen are required to obtain high and long-lasting IgY titer in the egg yolk; chickens lay eggs regularly, providing a continual source of IgY antibody.
Disadvantage:
Few antibody isotypes |
|
Goat |
Advantages:
1. Distant from human and rodents
2. Large amount of antiserum, 7-8 times to that of small animal individuals
3. Suitable for large-scale production.
4. High stability
Disadvantages:
1. High cost
2. Long period of immune cycle |
|
Guinea pig |
Advantages:
1. More sensitivity
2. Generating stronger antibody response to some antigens that are high homology with humans, mouse, and rats.
3. Offering novel solutions for some specific targets
Disadvantages:
1. High cost
2. Long period of immune cycle |
|
Camel |
Advantages:
1. Producing novel antibodies only with heavy chains
2. Increased functional size of immune libraries
3. High physicochemical stability
4. Facile production of multivalent formats
5. Rapid tissue penetration, fast clearance
6. Well expressed
Disadvantages:
1. Relatively longer period of immune cycle
2. Due to the single domain nature of the antibody, it could be a disadvantage for small antigens, such as hapten. |
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