Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB)

Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK) is a component widely found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and other muscle tissues, while creatine kinase isoenzymes are specific components of creatine kinase in the heart, belonging to an isoform of creatine kinase that exists only in the heart, and therefore can be used as a cardiac injury-specific marker.CK-MB is found in the normal bloodstream CK-MB is undetectable or present only in trace amounts as a creatine kinase isoform in normal blood. Only after myocardial injury, when the myocytes rupture and creatine kinase is released from the myocytes and absorbed into the bloodstream, can an elevated CK-MB be detected in the blood, which is indicative of myocardial injury. The common causes of elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme include acute myocardial infarction and acute myocarditis.

IVD raw materials are in the upstream of the whole industry chain, and their quality determines the quality of in vitro diagnostic reagents and the accuracy of the final diagnostic results, which is one of the core links of the industry chain. KMD Bioscience, as a supplier of in vitro diagnostic raw materials, is committed to the rapid development and large-scale production of proteins and antibodies for in vitro diagnosis. KMD Bioscience successfully develops many recombinant proteins, antibodies, antibody target proteins, industrial enzymes, diagnostic raw materials and other related reagents for scientific research and new drug discovery.

The inventory of reagents associated with Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK) that KMD Bioscience can offer:

Molecular structure of CKMB protein:

Creatine kinase (CK), usually found in the cytosol and mitochondria of animal heart, muscle and brain tissues, is an important kinase directly related to intracellular energy operation, muscle contraction, and ATP regeneration, and it reversibly catalyzes the transphosphorylation reaction between creatine and ATP. It is a dimer composed of two subunits, M and B. There are four isoenzyme forms: muscle (MM), brain (BB), heterotrimeric (MB) and mitochondrial (Mt). MM type is mainly found in all kinds of muscle cells, BB type is mainly found in brain cells, MB type is mainly found in cardiomyocytes, and Mt type is mainly found in cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria. In normal human serum, CKMM is predominant, CKBB is minimal, and CKMB is rare and mainly found in cardiomyocytes. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiomyocytes are damaged, and membrane integrity and permeability are altered, allowing intracellular macromolecules to escape and be detected in the peripheral blood. These macromolecules are thus referred to as myocardial injury markers. Among these myocardial markers, CK-MB is the enzyme with the earliest and greatest rise, and it is one of the best serum enzyme indicators for diagnosing AMI with the widest clinical application so far.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of CKMB molecular structure

Biological function of CKMB

At present, there are several mainstream methods for the determination of CK-MB: immunosuppression (activity), latex immunoturbidimetric assay (quality), chemiluminescence immunoassay (quality), at present, most of the laboratories still use immunosuppression assay, which is based on the principle that CK-MB contains half of the M subunit itself, and after inhibiting the activity of the M subunit by using the CK-M antibody, only the CK-B subunit remains, and multiply the result by 2 to obtain CKMB, and then the result is the CK-B subunit, which is the CK-B subunit. After multiplying the result by 2, it is the real content of CK-MB, but this methodology is calculated under the assumption that the activity of CK-BB is negligible, in fact, hemolysis and the giant CK, CK-BB and CK-MM subtypes in the blood will interfere with the results of the assay, which will lead to a high activity of CK-MB, and even the phenomenon of CK-MB>CK, which is the disadvantage of the activity assay for CK-MB. activity assay. The CK-MB mass assay is different because it adopts the principle of antigen-antibody specific reaction, where the CK-MB in the serum reacts only with the anti-CK-MB antibody in the kit, so it will not be interfered with by substances such as CK-BB, which improves the specificity and accuracy of the assay.

Antigens and antibodies are important raw materials for the preparation of immunodiagnostic reagents. Antigens include recombinant antigens, natural antigens, etc., which are prepared by recombination technology of genetic engineering, protein purification technology, cell biology technology, chemical synthesis technology, etc. Antibodies include monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies, etc., which are prepared by immunization technology, hybridoma cell technology, cellular fermentation technology and other methods. KMD Bioscience provides high-quality antibody raw materials for the development of test kits for a wide range of product lines. The antibodies have been tested on various application platforms (time-resolved immunoassay, fluorescence chromatography, colloidal gold, chemiluminescence, latex turbidimetry, enzyme immunoassay, etc.), and have been validated for relevance, which enables them to meet the development of diagnostic kits for different platforms.